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March 5 In Jewish History
363: Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a campaign which will bring to his own death. Julian followed Constantine to the throne and turned back his predecessor’s pro-Christian promulgations. Effectively, his decrees gave validity to other religions previously practiced in the Empire. On his was to fight the Sassanids, Julian gave orders that the Temple in Jerusalem should be rebuilt. His untimely death prevented this from happening. The Sassanids were the Persians of their day.
1179: The Third Lateran Council opens at Rome. At the end of the meeting the council would adopt the following as matters of canon law: “Jews should be slaves to Christians and at the same time treated kindly due of humanitarian considerations.” ”The testimony of Christians against Jews is to be preferred in all causes where they use their own witnesses against Christians.”
1291: Sa'ad al'Da'ulah, Jewish grand vizier of Persia under the Mongols was assassinated.
1328(23 Adar): After the death of Charles the Fair, Pedro Olligoyen, a Franciscan friar, used the Jews as a scapegoat against French rule. Starting today, Shabbat, all the Jewish houses were pillaged and then destroyed. Approximately 6000 Jews were murdered with 20 survivors. Among the dead were parents and four younger brothers of Menachem ben Zerach, “then barely twenty years old who became a scholar of commanding influence.” He was saved by “a compassionate knight” who was a friend of the young Jew’s father.
1696: Birthdate of Giovanni Battista Tiepolo. His fresco, “The Sacrifice of Isaac” is an example of how European artists used the Hebrew Bible as an inspiration and resource. It also is an example of how deeply entrenched Judaism is in the fabric of Western Civilization
1783: King Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski granted rights to Jews of Kovno.
1820: Dutch city of Leeuwarden forbade Jews to go to synagogues on Sundays.
1871: Birthdate of German revolutionary Rosa Luxemburg
1891: President Harrison was presented with a petition by prominent non-Jews requesting an international conference to consider and bring to a just conclusion the Jewish claims to Eretz-Israel.
1892: In New York Rabbi Henry Pereira Mendes was shot in the abdomen at his home by a beggar named Jose Mizrachee. Born in England, he had been the rabbi at Congregation Shearith Israel of New York and an active member of the Jewish community, who, among other things, established the Jewish Theological Seminary and The American Hebrew. Misrachee followed the rabbi home from the synagogue and forced his way into the house and shot him during a botched robbery attempt. The rabbi’s wife and baby were in the house at the town. Emergency surgery spared Mendes and permanent harm. Mizrachee is described as an “Arabian Jew” who came to the United States in 1890. He was well known to the victim and other members of his congregation for his aggressive begging habits and his failure to be content with any “alms” that were given to him.
1896: Birthdate of Jacob Rader Marcus, the Reform Rabbi who founded the American Jewish Archives at the Hebrew Union College of Cincinnati, Ohio. He passed away in 1995 at the age of 99.
1902: Mizrachi (literally: “Eastern”, but actually derived from the Hebrew acronym for “Spiritual Centre”) was established by Rabbi Isaac Jacob Reines as a religious Zionist organization based on the Basel Program and commitment to the Torah. Their slogan is “Eretz Israel for the people of Israel according to the Torah of Israel.” Mizrachi is a worldwide religious Zionist movement. Its main ideal is that Torah should be the spiritual center of Zionism. In Israel, it initiated the Ministry of Religion and helped pass laws for “Kashrut” and Sabbath observance in public life and in the Israel Army. During WWII, it participated in the American Zionist Emergency Council.
1902: Leopold Greenberg, one of Herzl's most devoted followers and representative in London suggests that Herzl should appear before the Royal Commission in London.
1909: Alianza Hispano-Israelita formed in Spain to bring about the return of Spanish Jews.
1915: Birthdate of French mathematician, Laurent Schwartz. His considerable mathematical work, including the theory of distributions, won him the Fields Medal in 1950. During World War II the Schwartz hid his Jewish identity by using nuemrous aliases including that of Laurent Sélimartin. He passed away in 2002.
1919: In a letter published in the New York Times Emir Feisal wished “the Jews a hearty welcome home” and asserted “our two movements complete one another.” “There is room in Syria for both of us” he concluded.
1923: Birthdate of businessman Laurence Tisch, CEO of CBS from 1986 through 1995. Tisch passed away in 2003.
1928: Herbert Samuel’s successor as High Commissioner, Field Marshal Viscount Plumer, a distinguished WW I commander, opened Jerusalem’s first Arts and Crafts Exhibition which was held in the Citadel at the Jaffa Gate in Jerusalem.
1929: John D. Rockefeller Jr. spent the day viewing ancient and historic sites in Jerusalem, including the Mosque of Omar and the Holy Sepulcher.
1932: Three members of the team of athletes assembled by the Maccabee Association of the United States to participate in the Jewish Olympic Games in Palestine sailed on the SS Aquitania. The three athletes included co-captains David White and Lesslie Flaskman representing the Maccabee Association of Boston and Harold Ginsburg representing the 92nd Stree Y.M.H.A. The other ten members of the team are to sail next week on the Majestic or the Conte Grande.
1933: Last democratic election during Hitler's lifetime. Nationalists gain 52 seats, but not enough to establish a dictatorship by consent of Parliament. The Third Reich is born.
1934: Birthdate of Daniel Kahneman, Israeli economist, and Nobel Prize laureate. Daniel Kahneman was born in Tel Aviv, in the then British Mandate of Palestine, now in Israel), is a key pioneer and theorist of behavioral finance, which integrates economics and cognitive science to explain seemingly irrational risk management behavior in human beings. He is famous for collaboration with Amos Tversky and others in establishing a cognitive basis for common human errors using heuristics and in developing prospect theory. Kahneman spent his childhood years in Paris, France and moved to Palestine in 1946. He received his B.Sc. in mathematics and psychology from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1954, after which he served in the Israeli Defense Forces principally in its psychology department. In 1958 he came to the United States and earned his Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of California, Berkeley in 1961. Currently a faculty member at Princeton University and a fellow at Hebrew University, he is the winner of the 2002 Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel for his work in prospect theory, despite being a research psychologist and not an economist. In fact, Kahneman claims to have never taken a single economics course — he claims that what he knows of the subject he and Tversky learned from collaborators Richard Thaler and Jack Knetsch. In explaining why he entered the field of psychology, Kahneman once wrote: “It must have been late 1941 or early 1942. Jews were required to wear the Star of David and to obey a 6 p.m. curfew. I had gone to play with a Christian friend and had stayed too late. I turned my brown sweater inside out to walk the few blocks home. As I was walking down an empty street, I saw a German soldier approaching. He was wearing the black uniform that I had been told to fear more than others – the one worn by specially recruited SS soldiers. As I came closer to him, trying to walk fast, I noticed that he was looking at me intently. Then he beckoned me over, picked me up, and hugged me. I was terrified that he would notice the star inside my sweater. He was speaking to me with great emotion, in German. When he put me down, he opened his wallet, showed me a picture of a boy, and gave me some money. I went home more certain than ever that my mother was right: people were endlessly complicated and interesting.”
1935: A brothel run by Polly Adler was raided resulting in the only conviction for which the famed madam served jail time (24 days of a 30 day sentence).
1936: The Spitfire went through its first test-flights. The famed fighter plane would play a key role in the defeat of the Luftwaffe during the Battle of Britain. Thanks to the Spitfire and the spirited pilots of the Royal Air Force (RAF), Hitler’s seemingly invincible legions were stopped for the first time; the British Isles remained free and would become the launching point for the Allied invasion of Europe which would save a remnant of European Jewry. Robert Roland Stanford Tuck, known as “Lucky Tuck” was one of the Jewish pilots in the RAF who flew the Spitfire. In his case he flew it at the Battle of Dunkirk where he earned a DSO. The Spitfire was the favorite plane of Ezer Weizmann the father of Israel’s Air Force and later President of the Jewish state. He had his own Spitfire which was featured in flyovers by IDF planes during various Israeli celebratory activities.
1937: The wave of Arab terror spread into southern Palestine when an Arab entered a Jewish orange grove near the colony of Less Tzionah and shot Vladislav Louga, a non-Jewish worker from Poland, in the stomach. Louga was rushed to a hospital in Tel Aviv where he is in critical condition.
1939: The New York Times reported that Palestine Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Eugen Szenkar has just completed four subscription concerts in a tour that included stops in Tel Aviv and Jerusalem where the symphony played before audiences totaling 30,000 music lovers.
1940: The Jewish Labor Committee, representing about 500,000 members of Jewish labor unions in the United States, sent a cable to the Labor Party in England requesting the Laborites oppose the recent British restriction of Jewish land purchases in Palestine.
1940: A delegation consisting of Henrietta Szold, Mrs. Isaac Herzog, wife of the Chief Rabbi of Palestine and “others representing the Council of Jewish Women of Palestine” met with the British High Commissioner and gave him a memorandum protesting the recent change in the land laws that was intended to be forwarded to his superiors in London.
1942: At the “Selection” of Jews at Baranowicze, Poland those sent to the left were beaten and placed in trucks where they sent away to their death in a pit just outside of town. Those on the right looked on. Of the 12,000 Jews living in the town at the start of the war, 3,500 were killed that Purim.
1943: In the Ukraine, over 1,000 Jews were murdered outside the Khmeilnik ghetto.
1943: Office of Strategic Services interviews Dr. Eduard Bloch, a Jewish Austrian physician who had been doctor and confidant to Adolf Hitler and his family while the future Fuehrer was growing up, and who ministered to Hitler's mother Klara during her losing battle with breast cancer.
1944(10th of Adar, 5704): Max Jacob French writer and painter, died in a Nazi concentration camp at 67. Born in Brittany in 1876, Jacob converted to Roman Catholicism in 1914. Apparently his conversion was not enough to get the Roman Catholic Church to intervene on his behalf.
1947: Birthdate of Dr. John Kitzhaber the Oregon physician who served as governor from 1995 to 2003.
1947: As the Jews of Palestine endure their fourth day of living under martial law, banks in Tel Aviv are scheduled to reopen thanks to a shipment of coins and currency in an amount equal to thirty-two million American dollars having arrived from Jeruslaem. In an attempt to exercise greater control, the British suspended the press passes of correspondents which had enabled the journalists to enter and leave zones of military occupation.
1948: Actor Eli Wallach married actress Anne Jackson.
1950: Jordanian political leader Samir Rifai Pasha has rejected King Abdullah’s request that he form a new government. Pasha’s refusal is tied to opposition to the non-aggression pact with Israel which was first made public on February 28, 1950. Despite Abdullah’s support, the pact seems doomed since Jordan’s political leaders do not.
1950: Iraq’s announcement that effectively, the Jewish population must leave the country within the next twelve months represents a reversal of its policy of not allowing Jews to move to Israel while completely dislocating “Israel’s immigration program for 1950.” The Jewish agency had budgeted for the absorption of 150,000 immigrants, including 50,000 from Arab countries and 50,000 from eastern Europe. Since there are approximately 150,000 Jews living in Iraq, the Israelis will have to find some way to raise additional funds allowing for the in-gathering of twice as many as Jews as had been originally planned.
1950: Daniel Frisch, the President of the Zionist Organization of America, underwent surgery today at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center today after having named Benjamin G. Bowdy, on the ZOA’s vice president, as acting president.
1953: Stalin died disrupting plans for mass deportations of Russian Jews. The Soviet dictator was an anti-Semite. Unlike Hitler, he could curb his anti-Semitism when it suited his purposes. For example, he allowed the government of Czechoslovakia to sell modern arms to Israel at the moment of its birth. He later switched his views and followed an anti-Zionist as well as anti-Semitic policy.
1953: The Jerusalem Post reported that the Lower House of the Bonn Parliament passed the first reading of the West German agreement to pay reparations to Israel and World Jewry for the Nazi persecution.
1953: The Jerusalem Post reported that theiIn the Knesset, Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion defined the role of the army in national life. The Knesset extended for a year the provisional military law currently in force, providing for prison terms for any form of propaganda intended to undermine the authority of the state.
1953: The Jerusalem Post reported that the Abill to legalize the requisition of land or property for the development, security or settlement, from the establishment of the State in May 1948, to the end of April 1, 1952, was presented for the second and third reading.
1956: Erich Itor Kahn composer, pianist and Holocaust survivor passed away at the age of 50.
1957: Jewish comedian Phil Silvers in the role of “Sergeant Ernie Bilko” satirizes rock star Elvis Presley.
1973: Marcel Marceau appears at Hancher Auditorium in Iowa City, IA.
1974: In the aftermath of the Yom Kippur Israeli forces withdrew from the west bank of the Suez Canal as step towards ending hostilities brought on by the Arab sneak attack. Ariel Sharon was responsible for the audacious attack across the Suez Canal which gave the strategic advantage to the Jewish forces.
1974(11th of Adar, 5734): Solomon I “Sol” Hurok US impresario, passed away at the age of 85. Hurok was responsible for bringing a troupe of Yemenite Jews who had moved to Israel to perform in the United States. Thanks to these efforts Yemenite culture was introduced to Americans (Jews and non-Jews alike). Not only did this help to preserve an ancient part of the Jewish heritage, it helped create a positive image of Israel as a homeland for persecuted Jewry no matter where they lived.
1978: The Jerusalem Post reported that the US State Department was upset and angered that between the time that Prime Minister Menachem Begin presented his peace plan to US President Jimmy Carter in early December, and when the same plan was submitted at the end of the month to Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, significant changes were made in the text. The draft added Israel’s right to maintain security and “public order” in Judea, Samaria and Gaza, and stipulated that only those Palestinians who accepted Israeli citizenship could buy land in Israel, while any Israeli could purchase land in the administered areas. The Americans demanded complete reciprocity.
1987: Today, in Tel Aviv, Defense Minister Yitzhak Rabin, read a statement in English apologizing to the American government and the American people for the Pollard sypinng operation, an operation that Foreign minister Shimon Peres had characterized as a mistake.
1987:Yossi Sarad, a member of the Knesett, called for the dismissal of Rafael Etian from his job as chairman of the state-owned Israel Chemicals since he was the Defense Ministry official who organized the Pollard spying operation.
1995: The New York Times features a review of The Diary of a Young Girl: The Definitive Edition by Anne Frank; edited by Otto H. Frank and Mirjam Pressler; translated by Susan Massotty
1999: The Times of London featured a review of Brother Against Brother: Violence and
Extremism in Israeli Politics from Altalena to the Rabin Assassination by Ehud Sprinzak.
2000: The New York Times featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or special interest to Jewish readers including The Unruly Life of Woody Allen: A Biography by Marion Meade, Law of Return: Short Stories by Maxine Rodburg and Essential Judaism: A Complete Guide to Beliefs, Customs, and Rituals by George Robinson.
2003 (1 Adar II, 5763): Seventeen people were killed and 53 wounded in a suicide bombing of an Egged bus No. 37 in the Carmel section of Haifa, en route to Haifa University. The blast, which took place on the city's main Moriah Boulevard near the Carmel Center, turned the bus into a charred wreck and scattered bodies along the road. The bus driver, a Christian Arab from Shfaram, was moderately injured. Police said the bomb was laden with metal shrapnel in order to maximize the number of injuries and strapped to the bomber's body. This was the first suicide bombing in two months, following the bombing in the Neve Sha'anan neighborhood in Tel-Aviv on January 5, in which 23 people were killed. The Hamas spokesman praised the attack. The suicide bomber has been identified as a member of Hamas. A letter found on his body praised the 9/11 attacks on the Twin Towers. The victims included the following all but two of whom died on the day of the attack:
• Kmer Abu Khamed, 12, from Daliyat al Karmel
• Yuval Mendelevitch, 13, from Haifa
• Smadar Firstatter, 17, from Haifa
• Avigail Lietel, 14, from Haifa
• Asaf Tzur, 16, from Haifa
• Daniel Harush, 16 , from Safed
• Tom Hershko, 16, from Haifa, and his father-
• Motti Hershko, 41, from Haifa
• Tal Kehrmann, 17, from Haifa
• Elizabeth (Liz) Katzman, 17, from Haifa
• Meital Katav, 20, from Haifa
• Moran Shushan, 20, from Haifa
• Anatoly Biryakov, 20, from Haifa
• Be'eri Ovad, 21 , from Rosh Pina
• Eliyahu Laham, 22, from Haifa
• Miriam Atar, 27, from Haifa
• Mark Takash, 54, from Haifa
2005: “Dear Esther,” an Arizona Jewish Theatre Company production had its last performance in Phoenix, Arizona. The play is based on the life of Esther Rabb and her experiences as recorded in “Escape from Sobibor” about the 1943 uprising.
2006: A restoration of a 1942 freight car, the type used to carry Jews to death camps went on display at the Holocaust Museum in Houston, Texas. The freight car is intended to symbolize the penultimate step in the industrialized mass murder of the Jews of Europe.
2006: The Jerusalem Post reported that American Jewish leaders welcomed the decision by British architect Richard Rogers to resign his membership in a professional organization that has called for the boycott of Israel's construction industry. However New York politicians had questions for Lord Richard Rogers, in light of the state contract awarded him on September 29 to design a $1.7 billion project that would almost double the size of Manhattan's Jacob Javits Convention Center. The boycott by an association of British engineers and architects follows on the heels of an anti-Israel weekend at Oxford and a plan by the Anglican Church to divest itself of investments of companies doing business with the Jewish state. It would appear that the genteel, and not so genteel, anti-Semitism is still alive and well among the British. The people who spent the inter-war years catering to the Arabs and who closed Eretz Israel to the Jews during the Holocaust are still at it.
2006: The New York Times featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including Absolute Convictions, a biography of Dr. Shalom Press by his son Eyal Press, The Case for Goliath: How America Acts as the World's Government in the Twenty-First Century by Michael Mandelbaum and Intuition by Allegra Goodman.
2007: Opening of an exhibition styled “Studio Man Ray: Photographs by Ira Nowinski” at the
Judah L Magnes Museum.
2008: As part of “Hadassah on Tour,” Dr. Michael Wilschanski, the Director of the Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit of the Division of Pediatrics at Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University in Jerusalem, speaks in Minnesota’s Twin Cities.
2008: A Yarhtzeit on the civil calendar – Five Year Anniversary of the bombing of Egged Bus 53 carried out by a Hamas suicide bomber who killed 17 innocent civilians.
2009: Sherman Oaks-based mortgage banker Bruce Friedman, whose Friedman Charitable Foundation committed $10 million to the Children’s Museum of Los Angeles and $1 million to Brandon’s Village, a special-needs park in Calabasas, was indicted on securities fraud charges today by the Securities and Exchange Commission. The SEC alleges Freidman, along with his two companies—Diversified Lending Group (DLG) and Applied Equities, Inc. (AEI)—perpetrated a $216 million real estate investment fraud, raising money from hundreds of investors nationwide, many of whom are seniors, promising guaranteed high returns via real estate investments. The complaint alleges that Friedman diverted substantial investor money to ventures unrelated to real estate, and misappropriated at least $17 million to support his lavish lifestyle, including purchases of a luxury home, cars, vacations, jewelry, and designer clothing for himself and an alleged girlfriend.The SEC has frozen DLG’s, AEI’s and Friedman’s assets. So instead of allegedly working over the Jewish country club circuit, Friedman is accused of stealing from your bubbe and zadie. Oy. I don’t think I need to explain why this is bad for not just those who lost money but all Jews.
2009: Professor Anat Helman of Hebrew University delivers a talk and visual presentation exporing the deeper meanings of Israeli styles of the 1950s at Rutgers University entitled “Fashion and Identity in Israel in the 1950s.”
2009: An exhibition of paintings by Simon Black hosted by the Manchester Jewish Museum comes to an end. Simon was raised in a close knit Jewish family in Prestwich and attended Stand Grammar in Whitefield. He studied art in Manchester, Wolverhampton, Rochdale and École des Beaux Arts in Paris. Even through he lived in London, he remained an ardent Manchester City fan! His paintings portray figures from everyday life whilst bringing out the humor and enigmatic nature in their characters. Simon has exhibited his works nationwide and had many private commissions. In 2002 he was commissioned to produce six paintings for the Royal Free Hospital and also received work from the Financial Authorities Services. Not only was he an artist, but Simon fought for the rights of artists, being an active member of the National Artists Association and a board member of the Design and Artists Copyright for fifteen years. Simon tragically passed away in March 2008 after a battle with cancer. The exhibition is a tribute to his life and work and a celebration of his talent.
2009: An Arab terrorist attacked police officers and civilians in Jerusalem with his bulldozer today. He was a resident of the city. Police have announced and was identified as 26-year-old Mir'i Redeideh. Redeideh was married, police said, and had one child. He lived with his family in the neighborhood of Beit Hanina, in the northern part of the city. Redeideh was carrying a Palestinian Authority ID at the time of the attack, leading to initial reports that he was a resident of the PA-controlled areas in Judea and Samaria. He was shot and killed by alert police officers and a civilian taxi driver as he attempted to carry out his rampage. Before he was neutralized he managed to wound two police officers and had sent several schoolgirls into severe emotional shock.The tractor used in the attack was apparently Redeideh's personal property, police said. An open copy of the Koran was found inside. Radeideh is the fourth Arab resident of Jerusalem to carry out an attack in the capital in less than a year. In the summer of 2008 two attacks took place in which Arab residents of the city who were working on construction sites used bulldozers to attack Jews. In September of 2008 an Arab teenager from Jerusalem rammed his car into a group of soldiers and civilians standing near the Old City, wounding more than 20 people in the process. The terrorist was shot and killed.
2010: The Washington DCJCC is scheduled to host Interfaith Couples Shabbat Dinner with Rabbi Tamara Miller explaining the rituals while attendees enjoy a traditional Shabbat Dinner
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